Logical GK & Miscellaneous Short Notes for Competitive Exams

LOGICAL GK & MISCELLANEOUS – SHORT NOTES (Exam-Oriented)

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1. Logical Reasoning

A. Series

• Number Series: Identify pattern; examples – Arithmetic, Geometric, Fibonacci

• Alphabet Series: Patterns in letters; skip counting, reverse order

• Mixed Series: Combination of numbers & letters

B. Coding-Decoding

• Letter/Number replacement using patterns

• Example: “A→1, B→2, …”

• Types: Letter coding, Symbol coding, Substitution coding

C. Blood Relations

• Father, Mother, Brother, Sister, Grandparents, Cousins

• Example: “X is Y’s father. Z is Y’s brother. How is Z related to X?”

D. Directions & Distances

• N, S, E, W + intermediate directions

• Puzzles: Walking distance problems

• Clockwise / Anti-clockwise movements

E. Syllogisms

• Deduce conclusions from statements

• Statements: All A are B; Some B are C

• Use Venn diagrams

F. Inequalities

• , <, ≥, ≤ relations

• Solve chains of inequalities

• Example: If A > B, B < C, then …

G. Statements & Conclusions

• Given statements → identify valid conclusions

• Logical deductions

• Example: Statement: “All cats are animals.” Conclusion: “All animals are cats?” → No

H. Puzzle Tips

• Tabular arrangement

• Stepwise elimination

• Draw diagrams for complex relationships

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2. Miscellaneous GK – India & World

A. Important Facts

• National Animal: Tiger

• National Bird: Peacock

• National Flower: Lotus

• National Fruit: Mango

• National Currency Symbol: ₹ (Rupee)

B. Flags & Symbols

• UN Flag: White world map on blue background

• Red Cross: Humanitarian organization symbol

• Olympic Flag: Five interlocking rings, representing continents

C. Capitals of Indian States & Union Territories

• Andhra Pradesh – Amaravati

• Arunachal Pradesh – Itanagar

• Assam – Dispur

• Bihar – Patna

• Chhattisgarh – Raipur

• Goa – Panaji

• Gujarat – Gandhinagar

• Haryana – Chandigarh

• Himachal Pradesh – Shimla

• Jharkhand – Ranchi

• Karnataka – Bengaluru

• Kerala – Thiruvananthapuram

• Madhya Pradesh – Bhopal

• Maharashtra – Mumbai

• Manipur – Imphal

• Meghalaya – Shillong

• Mizoram – Aizawl

• Nagaland – Kohima

• Odisha – Bhubaneswar

• Punjab – Chandigarh

• Rajasthan – Jaipur

• Sikkim – Gangtok

• Tamil Nadu – Chennai

• Telangana – Hyderabad

• Tripura – Agartala

• Uttar Pradesh – Lucknow

• Uttarakhand – Dehradun

• West Bengal – Kolkata

• Union Territories – e.g., Delhi – New Delhi, Puducherry – Puducherry

D. Important Abbreviations

• UNICEF – United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund

• WHO – World Health Organization

• NASA – National Aeronautics and Space Administration

• BRICS – Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa

• ASEAN – Association of Southeast Asian Nations

E. Science & Technology

• Speed of light → 3×10⁸ m/s

• H2O → Water

• CO2 → Carbon Dioxide

• SI Units: Length – meter, Mass – kg, Time – second, Temperature – Kelvin

• Periodic Table: 118 elements, Hydrogen – 1, Helium – 2

F. Current Affairs Bits (Static + Recurring)

• First Indian woman astronaut → Kalpana Chawla

• First satellite of India → Aryabhata (1975)

• Chandrayaan-1 → 2008

• Mars Orbiter Mission → 2013

• Bharat Ratna → India’s highest civilian award

G. One-Liners for Quick Revision

• First Governor-General of India → Warren Hastings

• Father of Indian Constitution → B.R. Ambedkar

• First President of India → Dr. Rajendra Prasad

• First Prime Minister of India → Jawaharlal Nehru

• Largest continent → Asia

• Longest river → Nile / Ganga (depending on context)

• Smallest country → Vatican City

• Currency of Japan → Yen

• World’s highest mountain → Mount Everest

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3. Tips for Logical GK & Miscellaneous

• Practice puzzles daily – series, coding, directions

• Memorize one-liners for awards, capitals, symbols

• Use charts/tables for quick recall

• Revise national & international facts frequently

• Focus on recurring patterns in exams (India-centric + world important facts)