Definitions
1. Safety: Freedom from accidents and property damage
2. Health: Freedom from illness and pandemics
3. Welfare: anything that is done for the comfort and improvement of employees and is provided over and above the wages.
4. Hazard: Anything with the potential to cause harm to humans, property or environment
5. Risk: probable outcome of an hazard in terms of probability of occurrence and severity of accident
6. Risk Assessment: It is the process of identification of hazard and analysis of probable risk of that hazards
7. Types of Hazards:
• Physical: Noise , vibration, Electricity
• Chemical: H2S, CO,CO2
• Biological: Cowid 19, Mosquitos, Snake
• Ergonomics:
• Psychological:
8. Hierarchy of controls:
• Elimination: Elimination makes sure the hazard no longer exists
• Substitution: Substitution means changing out a material or process to reduce the hazard.
• Engineering controls: Engineering controls reduce exposure by preventing hazards from coming into contact with workers
• administrative controls: Administrative controls change the way work is done or give workers more information by providing workers with relevant procedures, training, or warnings.
• PPE: PPE) includes clothing and devices to protect workers. PPE needs constant effort and attention (including proper use and training) from workers.
Elimination is most effective and PPE is the least effective control measure.
9. 5S in workspace: Its belongs to housekeeping and Quality
• Set
• Sort
• Shine
• Standardize
• Sustain
Permits
Permits are the written permission issued by the authorized person to a person or contractor to do a particular non routine job.
• Cold: for General works without flame
• Hot: Welding, cutting etc
• Night: For working at night time
• Confined: for working at confined spaces
• Electrical: For working in Live Lines and panels
• Excavation: For excavation purpose
• Lifting and Shifting: Material shifting
Fire
10. Fire: A fire is self-sustained oxidation of a fuel that emits heat and light
11. Fire triangle: Heat, Oxygen, Fuel. There three components are essencial to form fire.
12. Types of fires:
• CLASS A: on Combustible solids
• CLASS B: on liquids like
• CLASS C: on gases like
• CLASS D: on metals
• CLASS E: on live electrical circuits
• CLASS F: on kitchen oils
13. Types of fire extinguishers
• Water: for CLASS A
• Form: for CLASS A and B
• Dry chemical powder: for CLASS A,B,C
• CO2: for CLASS B and E
• Wet chemical: for CLASS K
Hot work
Any work which involves heat and flame comes under hot work. Cutting, grinding, welding, brazing, forging etc
14. Hazards in Hot work:
• Flying sparks
• molten metals
• Heat conduction when working on pipes
• Hot surfaces
• Explosive atmospheres
• Exposure to fumes and gases
• Exposure to electrical hazards
• Heat exposure
15. Measures:
• Ensure proper housekeeping at hot work area by removing all combustible materials
• Remove flammable chemicals from hot work area
• Isolate the hot work area by barication
• Ensure job specific ppes
• Ensure electrical safety at hot work area by proper cable routing
• Keep fire extinguishers at hot work area
• Conduct fire watcher trainings
• Ensure signboards available at hot work area
Electrical safety
16. Electricity: Flow of electrons through a conductor
17. Earthing: The process of connecting metallic bodies of devices to earth with a wire of very low resistance.
18. Electrical Injuries:
• Direct: 1. Electrocution 2. Shock 3. Burn
• Indirect: 1. Fall from Height 2. Mental health issues
19. Electrical Hazards:
• Improper wiring
• Bad Insulation
• Wrong cable routing
• Bad earthing
• Overloading
• Damaged machines
• Improper PPEs
• Overhead transmission lines
• Wet conditions
• Panels and DB doors in open condition
20. Factors affecting shock severity
• Amount of current
• Duration
• Path of current flow
21. RCCB tripping current: 30mA
22. Safety Measures
• Proper grounding
• Ensure proper insulations
• Use of ELCB,RCCB,GFCI, Fuses were applicable
• Guarding of exposed parts
• Deploy authorised electrician for maintenance
• Use LOTO
• Conduct trainings
• Ensure Fire extinguishers near panels and DBs
23. ELCB, RCCB, MCB, GFCI
• ELCB: earth leakage circuit breaker
• MCB: Miniature circuit breaker
• RCCB: Residual current circuit breaker
• GFCI: Ground fault circuit Interrupter
24. DG Inspection
• Earthing
• Fuel tank cap closed or not
• Availability of noise test certificate
• Availability of certificate
• Exhaust system
• Availability of fire extinguishing methods
• Barricading
• Emergency stop
• Operator name and contact
25. LOTO: Lock out tag out for energy isolation for maintenance work.
Chemical safety
26. MSDS: Material safety data sheet is a document which should be provided by the product manufacturer for ensuring safe transportation and usage of that particular product
27. Hazards: It depends on the particular chemical. Each chemical has different hazards. Some of them are
• Toxic
• Explosive
• Corrosive
• Flammable
• Highly reactive
• Acids
• Alkalis
• Radioactive
28. Injury: Burns to skin and eyes, Itching, skin irritation, poison etc.
29. Measures: In one word We need to take measures according to the MSDS. Each chemical has their own properties and they has different hazards
Some General Measures are,
• Read the MSDS and store the chemicals accordingly
• Ensure proper PPE while handling the chemicals
• During loading and unloading ensure proper safety precautions
• Take fire prevention measures to fire catching chemicals
• Toxic gases produced during chemical processes such as CO, H2S must be exhausted properly.
• Provide regular trainings to the peoples who are handling the chemicals
• Dispose the chemical waste properly
Height Work
30. Scaffolds: Scaffolds are the temporary structures for holding men and materials
31. Types of scaffolds:
• Single scaffolding:
• Double scaffold:
• Cantilever:
• Suspended scaffolds: suspends from the roof using chain/rope and pulley
• Trestle scaffolding: Movable mobile scaffolds for MEP and interior works
• Steel scaffold: Steel tubes with cup locks
32. Hazards:
• Unstable working surfaces
• Inadequate edge protection
• Falling objects
• Scaffolding collapse
• Failure of lifting equipment
• Bad Weather
• Lack of training
• Improper equipment usage
• Overhead power lines
33. Measures:
• Select appropriate equipment for height work
• Ensure proper PPE such as full body harness
• Provide Lifelines where ever applicable
• Inspect the scaffoldings and other equipment before work and ensure all the components are available and in good condition
• Provide trainings
• Don’t allow work in bad weather
• Avoid overloading of scaffolds
Lifting
34. Lifting and Shifting
• Light Lifting (Below 10 Ton)
• Heavy Lifting (More than 10 Ton)
• Critical Lifting
• Tandem Lifting/Head to tail Lifting
35. Types of cranes:
• Mobile Crane
• Tower Crane
• Crawler Crane
• Over Head Crane
• Jib Crane
• Boom Truck Crane
• Gantry Crane
• Luffing Crane (Multi-Boom)
36. Hazards:
• Suspended Load
• Overturn
• Mechanical Failure
• Collapse of Crane
• Loose or Uneven Ground
• Severe Weather Condition
• Contact with Over Head Service
• Poor Communication
• Striking with Nearby Structure
• Improper access & Egress
• Improper Lifting
• Over-Loading
37. Measures:
• Don’t Come under suspended Load/ Barricade the Area for exclude the Unauthorized person
• Level The Ground, Use Outriggers fully Opened LOP (Lifting operating Plan)
• 3rd Party Certified, maintained and inspected
• Don’t exceed SWL
• Implement LOP/ Outrigger fully opened
• Achieve Soil Stability certificate from Geologist, Level the Ground/ Use Timber Soil Board
• Safe Voltage Distance
• Use Certified Riggers
• Implement LOP( maintain Load Angle Chart) Use proper lifting
• Implement SLW Path(LOP)
• Follow Load Angle Chart ( Safe Load Indicator)
• Don’t Exceed SWL, Use certified Crane
Site Monitoring
38. Gate management:
• Screening
• Medical test
• Legal id card
• Issue gate passes
39. Proactive measure: Precautionary Measures taken to avoid incidents
40. Reactive Measure: Measures taken after an incident to avoid reoccurrence
41. Inspections:
• Tools
o Cable condition
o Guarding
o Condition of switches
o Condition of drill bits and cutting wheels
o PPEs
• Fire Extinguishers
o Rusting
o Safety pin
o Refill date
o Instruction sticker
• DBs
o Condition of RCCB/ELCB
o Condition of sockets
o Earthing
o Cable conditions
o Weather proof
o Rubber mat
o Sign boards and emergency contact numbers
o CO2 Fire extinguishers
Incident management
42. Incident: any unwanted and unplanned event
43. Near miss: unwanted and unplanned event happened but no injury, no property damage
44. Accident: unwanted and unplanned event happened with injury/death or some property damage
45. Reporting:
• Within 24 hrs
• Includes details of When, where, what happened, who are involved etc
46. Uses Accident Investigation:
• For prevent reoccurrence of accidents
• Learn from accidents
• To identify the root cause
• To implement safety measures
Trainings
47. Induction Trainings: Familiarizing the work location to the new workers, which Includes gate management system, work permit system, hot work, PPE, welfare facilities, housekeeping, etc
48. Pep and Toolbox talks: Daily interactive session were the engineer/EHS person will give an introduction about that days work and safety measures to be taken
49. Job Specific Training: Quick safety training for the specific job which the workers are performing. Example : work at height, Hot work
50. Fire watcher Training: Before starting a hot work at least a helper should be trained for extinguishing fire. Need to teach him PASS method
• P: Pull the pin
• A: Aim the fire
• S: Squeeze
• S: Sweep
51. Mock drills:
52. Types of mock drills:
• Fire
• Electrical
• Fall from height
• Earthquake
• Terrorist attack
53. Process of Mock drills:
• Prepare a Epp
• Provide trainings to all teams
• Declare emergency for mock drill
• Rescue and first aid/hospitalization
• Assemble all at the assembly point
• Headcount
• Searching for ups counters if headcount not matching
• Trainings
• Report preparation
54. Mock drill report:
• Date, time, location
• Details of emergency scenario
• Description of mock drills
• Response of various teams
• Head count
• Time taken for each action
• Observations
• Recommendations
